RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between posterior mono-segment and short-segment fixation combined with one-stage posterior debridement and bone grafting fusion in treating single-segment lumbar spinal tuberculosis (LSTB). METHODS: Sixty-two patients with single-segment LSTB treated by a posterior-only approach were divided into two groups: short-segment fixation (Group A, n = 32) and mono-segment fixation (Group B, n = 30). The clinical and radiographic outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time, and hospitalization duration were lower in Group B than in Group A. All patients achieved the bony fusion criteria. The visual analog scale score, Japanese Orthopedic Association score, and Oswestry Disability Index were substantially improved 3 months postoperatively and at the last visit in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Kirkaldy-Willis functional evaluation at the final follow-up demonstrated that all patients in both groups achieved excellent or good results. The difference in the angle correction rate and correction loss between Groups A and B was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One-stage posterior debridement, bone grafting fusion, and mono-segment or short-segment fixation can provide satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Mono-segment fixation is more suitable for the treatment of single-segment LSTB because the lumbar segments with normal motion can be preserved with less trauma, a shorter operation time, shorter hospitalization, and lower costs.
Assuntos
Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Desbridamento/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Dor Lombar/cirurgia , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Adulto , Transplante Ósseo/efeitos adversos , Transplante Ósseo/economia , Desbridamento/efeitos adversos , Desbridamento/economia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/economia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/economia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Dor Lombar/economia , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Duração da Cirurgia , Medição da Dor , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fusão Vertebral/efeitos adversos , Fusão Vertebral/economia , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/complicações , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Tuberculose da Coluna Vertebral/economia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Medical students acquire latent tuberculosis (TB) infection at a rate of 23 cases/100 person-years. The frequency and impact of occupational TB disease in this population are unknown. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed via email and social media to current medical students and recently graduated doctors (2010 - 2015) at two medical schools in Cape Town. Individuals who had developed TB disease as undergraduate students were eligible to participate. Quantitative and qualitative data collected from the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were analysed with descriptive statistics and a framework approach to identify emerging themes. RESULTS: Twelve individuals (10 female) reported a diagnosis of TB: pulmonary TB (n=6), pleural TB (n=3), TB lymphadenitis (n=2) and TB spine (n=1); 2/12 (17%) had drug-resistant disease (DR-TB). Mean diagnostic delay post consultation was 8.1 weeks, with only 42% of initial diagnoses being correct. Most consulted private healthcare providers (general practitioners (n=7); pulmonologists (n=4)), and nine underwent invasive procedures (bronchoscopy, pleural fluid aspiration and tissue biopsy). Substantial healthcare costs were incurred (mean ZAR25 000 for drug-sensitive TB, up to ZAR104 000 for DR-TB). Students struggled to obtain treatment, incurred high transport costs and missed academic time. Students with DR-TB interrupted their studies and experienced severe side-effects (hepatotoxicity, depression and permanent ototoxicity). Most participants cited poor TB infection-control practices at their training hospitals as a major risk factor for occupational TB. CONCLUSIONS: Undergraduate medical students in Cape Town are at high risk of occupationally acquired TB, with an unmet need for comprehensive occupational health services and support.